An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped device placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy over a long period. It comes in two types: a hormonal IUD that releases a very small amount of progestin, and a copper IUD with no hormones. It is an effective method of contraception that lasts for years, and a doctor can remove it whenever a woman wishes.
Insertion is done in the clinic without incisions, so it is non-surgical and usually needs no general anesthesia. After a pelvic examination and cleaning of the cervix, the doctor measures the uterus and passes the device through the cervix with a thin tube.
Insertion usually takes a few minutes. Cramping or light spotting may follow for a few days, and most women return to their routine the same day or soon after. A check-up a few weeks later confirms the position. Protection begins immediately or within days, depending on the type, and continues for years.
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It is a long-acting contraceptive that does not require daily attention and can be removed when you wish to become pregnant. The hormonal type may also reduce heavy and painful periods in some women.
The hormonal IUD releases progestin and often makes periods lighter, and in some women periods stop altogether. The copper IUD has no hormones and may make periods heavier and more painful during the first months. Your doctor helps you choose the one that suits you.
Most adult women, whether or not they have had children, can use an IUD after a medical examination. It is not advised in cases of pregnancy, an active pelvic infection, unexplained uterine bleeding or certain uterine abnormalities, and the decision rests with the doctor after assessment.
You will have a pelvic examination and pregnancy will be ruled out; an infection test may be requested. The timing depends on your cycle and the type of device, and the doctor may suggest a pain reliever beforehand. Never stop a prescribed medicine without consulting your doctor.
After the cervix is cleaned, the doctor places the device in the uterus through a thin tube and trims the threads to a suitable length. This takes a few minutes, and you may feel cramping similar to period pain.
Cramps and light spotting may last a few days, and most women resume their activities quickly. A follow-up visit after a few weeks checks the position of the device, followed by regular check-ups as your doctor advises.
A copper IUD usually works as soon as it is inserted, while a hormonal one may require an additional method for a few days, depending on when in the cycle it is placed. Effectiveness generally lasts between about three and ten years, depending on the type.
Pain, cramps and changes in the menstrual pattern may occur. Rarely, the device may be expelled, shift, perforate the uterine wall or lead to a pelvic infection. Pregnancy can occasionally occur despite an IUD and may be ectopic, so see a doctor promptly for severe pain or a missed period.
Insertion is done through the vagina without incisions, so visible scars are not expected. Fertility usually returns after the IUD is removed, although this varies with age and individual circumstances.
A long stay is usually not needed, and travel is often possible after a day or two if no worrying symptoms appear. Your doctor will confirm the right timing for your situation.
