Laparoscopic tubal ligation, often called having the tubes tied, is a surgery in which the fallopian tubes are blocked or cut so that the egg and sperm cannot meet. Its aim is permanent contraception. It should be treated as irreversible, and although failure is rare, it can happen.
It is usually done under general anesthesia through small incisions in the abdomen. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas, then the surgeon inserts a laparoscope and fine instruments and closes the tubes with a clip, a ring or electrical cautery, or removes a segment of them, depending on the surgeon's judgment.
The operation usually takes twenty to forty-five minutes, and most patients go home the same day. Mild abdominal pain, bloating and shoulder pain from the gas are expected and settle within days, and most women resume light activities within a few days. Protection against pregnancy usually begins immediately after the operation, and the doctor confirms this at follow-up.
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It provides a permanent, hormone-free method of contraception, and the small incisions usually mean less pain and faster recovery than open surgery.
It suits adult women who have made an informed decision not to have children in the future, after counseling about permanent and temporary alternatives. It is not suitable for anyone who feels uncertain about the decision.
It should be considered irreversible. Surgery to reconnect the tubes exists, but success is not guaranteed, and a pregnancy afterward may carry a higher chance of complications such as ectopic pregnancy.
Tests are arranged according to your health, you are asked to fast before anesthesia, and pregnancy must be ruled out beforehand. Tell your doctor about your medications, and never stop any of them yourself, especially blood thinners; that decision belongs to your doctor.
After general anesthesia the abdomen is inflated with gas, and a small camera and instruments are inserted through small incisions. Each tube is then closed with a clip, a ring or electrical cautery, and the incisions are stitched.
You may feel mild pain, bloating and shoulder pain from the gas for a few days. Light activities usually resume within days, and strenuous effort is avoided according to your doctor's instructions.
Protection is permanent and usually begins right after the operation, and your doctor confirms it for you. Failure is rare but possible, so it cannot be said that pregnancy is absolutely impossible.
They include anesthesia risks, bleeding, infection, injury to nearby organs, and failure of the closure. A pregnancy can occur after the operation, and if it does it may be ectopic, which needs urgent care.
It leaves small scars at the incision sites, each usually about a centimeter or less, which fade gradually over time and are often barely noticeable.
Often after two to five days, but your treating doctor decides when you can travel according to your condition.
