The Shoulder replacement surgery, which is also known as shoulder arthroplasty, helps to relieve chronic pain and restore motion in patients with severe shoulder joint damage caused by arthritis, injury, or degenerative wear.

This surgery includes many options starting from new modern stemless and the most famous types such as anatomic total shoulder replacement, which replaces the ball and socket to match the natural anatomy, and reverse total shoulder replacement, which reverses the ball and socket placement. Each type is designed to restore function and reduce pain based on the patient’s condition.

At the International Clinics in Turkey, patients benefit from experienced orthopedic surgeons, modern facilities, and tailored support for international medical travelers. High-quality shoulder replacement surgery at International Clinic starts from $4,000 USD, making it an affordable and reliable option for patients seeking care abroad.

This article explains the types of shoulder replacement surgery, recovery, costs, and modern surgical techniques, helping patients make informed decisions and achieve optimal outcomes.

Shoulder Anatomy

Understanding the anatomy of the shoulder is essential before considering shoulder replacement surgery. The shoulder is a highly flexible joint that allows a wide range of motion, but it is also prone to damage from arthritis, injury, or rotator cuff tears.

Humerus (Upper Arm Bone): Forms the “ball” of the shoulder joint.
Scapula (Shoulder Blade): Contains the glenoid socket, where the humeral head sits.
Clavicle (Collarbone): Connects the shoulder to the chest, providing stability.
Rotator Cuff Muscles: A group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the joint and enable movement.
Cartilage: Smooth tissue covering the bones, reducing friction and allowing fluid motion.

When these structures are damaged, patients may experience extreme pain and limited mobility, and difficulty performing daily activities, which can lead to the need for shoulder replacement surgery.

What Is Shoulder Replacement Surgery?

Shoulder replacement surgery is a medical procedure in which the damaged components of the shoulder joint, typically the humeral head (upper arm bone) and sometimes the glenoid (socket) are replaced with prosthetic implants.

The primary goals of the surgery are to:

Relieve chronic pain caused by arthritis, injury, or degenerative conditions

Restore shoulder mobility, allowing patients to perform daily tasks and activities

Improve overall quality of life by enabling more comfortable and functional arm movement

At the International Clinics, surgeons customize the procedure based on each patient’s diagnosis, age, activity level, and overall health, ensuring the most effective results for international and local patients alike.

When Is Shoulder Replacement Surgery Recommended?

Shoulder replacement surgery is indicated for patients with severe shoulder joint pathology causing persistent pain+ limited range of motion, and functional impairment.

The need for shoulder replacement surgery is determined by two factors: the Underlying Medical Condition (which dictates the type of implant needed) and the severity of Clinical Symptoms (which determines the necessity of the procedure).

1. Underlying Medical Conditions (Determining Implant Type)

These are the specific diagnoses that show the joint is too damaged for non-surgical treatment.

Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis (The most common reason for replacement): This is advanced "wear-and-tear" degeneration affecting both the ball (humeral head) and the socket (glenoid) cartilage. It leads to persistent pain and stiffness and is typically treated with Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR).

Rotator Cuff Tear Arthropathy (CTA): This is a severe combination of arthritis alongside a massive, irreparable rotator cuff tear. The lack of the cuff muscle allows the arm bone to migrate upward (superior migration). This problem is primarily solved using a Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR).

Rheumatoid Arthritis or Inflammatory Arthropathies: Chronic inflammation caused by these systemic diseases leads to widespread joint destruction and deformity. Surgery is considered when medication fails to control the joint breakdown.

Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Joint degeneration that develops following a major mechanical event, such as an old, severe fracture, a chronic dislocation, or the failure of previous fixation hardware.

Complex Proximal Humerus Fractures: Severe, multi-piece fractures of the upper arm bone, usually in older patients with poor bone quality, where attempting to fix the bone fragments is less likely to succeed than replacing the joint immediately (often with a Partial Replacement or RTSR).

2. Clinical Symptoms Prompting Surgery (Determining Necessity)

Surgery is only recommended when a patient experiences these profound symptoms that have not improved with conservative treatments.

Persistent Pain at Rest or During Sleep: This is a key indicator of severe joint damage, as the pain is constant and no longer tied solely to activity.

Restricted Range of Motion: Significant loss of the ability to move the arm, making overhead activities or essential movements like dressing and reaching behind the back difficult or impossible.

Functional Impairment Affecting Daily Life: The physical limitations directly prevent the patient from performing routine, necessary daily tasks, severely reducing independence and quality of life.

Failure of Conservative Management: All non-surgical treatments including medications (like NSAIDs), physical therapy, and corticosteroid injections have failed to provide long-term, meaningful relief.

International Clinics evaluates each patient individually, using X-ray, CT, and MRI imaging and clinical assessment to determine the most appropriate type of shoulder replacement.

Types of Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR)

Replaces the ball and socket of the shoulder to match natural anatomy.

Indications:Advanced shoulder arthritis with an intact rotator cuff

Post-traumatic arthritis or prior surgery where anatomy can be restored

Surgical Approach Surgeons make an incision in the front of the shoulder, between the deltoid muscle (shoulder muscle) and pectoralis major (chest muscle).The rotator cuff tendon is gently moved aside to access the joint.The damaged ball (upper arm bone) and socket (shoulder blade) are removed and replaced with prosthetic components.

Benefits:Restores natural shoulder motion,Reduces chronic pain,Improves strength and daily function

Risks:Infection, implant loosening, tendon injury (rare)Recovery can take several months

Implant Lifespan: 15–20+ years

Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR)

Reverses the ball and socket placement.

Indications:Severe rotator cuff tears,Shoulder instability with arthritis,Complex fractures in older patients

Surgical Approach The incision is also in the front of the shoulder (deltopectoral approach).

The ball is placed on the shoulder blade side and the socket on the upper arm side.The deltoid muscle takes over lifting the arm when the rotator cuff is damaged.

Benefits:Stabilizes the shoulder despite rotator cuff deficiency,Reduces pain,Restores ability to lift the arm

Risks:Slightly higher chance of dislocation,Mechanical wear over time,Infection (rare)

Implant Lifespan: 10–15 years

Partial Shoulder Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)

Replaces only the ball (upper arm bone) while leaving the socket intact.

Indications:Localized arthritis,Proximal humerus fractures,Healthy shoulder socket

Surgical Approach Small incision in the front of the shoulder,The damaged ball is replaced with a prosthetic ball,The socket is preserved to maintain natural joint structure

Benefits:Less invasive than full replacement,Preserves bone for potential future surgeries,Shorter recovery

Risks:Persistent socket pain if arthritis progresses,Possible implant loosening

Implant Lifespan: 10–15 years

Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement

Replaces only the damaged surface of the humeral head.

Indications:Younger patients with limited arthritis,Good bone quality and minimal socket damage

Surgical Approach Small incision in the front of the shoulder. Surgeon caps the damaged surface of the humeral head with a prosthetic piece,Minimal bone removal; socket is left intact

Benefits:Preserves bone,Less tissue damage,Faster recovery,Suitable for younger patients

Risks:Pain may continue if socket arthritis worsens,Limited long-term motion compared to total replacement

Implant Lifespan: 10–15 years

Stemless Shoulder Replacement

Anatomic replacement without a long humeral stem.

Indications:Good bone quality,Intact rotator cuff,Patients who may need revision in the future

Surgical Approach

Front shoulder incision (deltopectoral),Humeral head replaced without inserting a long stem into the arm bone,Less bone removed, but same joint mechanics restored

Benefits:Preserves bone,Easier future revision,Shorter surgery time

Risks:Implant loosening if bone is poor

Implant Lifespan: 15–20 years

Short-Stem Implants

Uses a shorter humeral stem than standard replacement.

Indications:Younger patients,Good humeral bone quality

Surgical Approach Front shoulder incision,Short humeral stem inserted to support the prosthetic ball,Minimal bone removal compared to traditional implants

Benefits:Preserves bone,Less stress on humerus,Easier revision

Risks:Loosening or misalignment if bone quality is poor

Implant Lifespan: 15–20 years

Custom / Modular Implants

Patient-specific implants designed with 3D imaging.

Indications:Severe bone loss,Shoulder deformities,Failed previous surgery

Surgical ApproachIncision location depends on patient anatomy or deformity,Implant is customized to fit the patient’s bone exactly

Benefits:Perfect anatomical fit,Restores function in complex cases,Precise alignment

Risks:High cost,Standard surgical risks,Limited long-term data

Implant Lifespan: 15–20 years

Rare Surgical Types

Partial Humeral Head / Custom Partial Arthroplasty: Only part of the ball replaced, preserves bone.
Biologic / Hybrid Implants: Prosthetic plus cartilage scaffolds, experimental.
3D-Printed Custom Implants: Severe deformity or tumor-related cases exact fit.

Note: Rare surgeries are used for complex or unusual cases and require specialized surgeons.

Step-by-Step Shoulder Replacement Procedure

Preoperative Evaluation:Physical examination, imaging (X-rays, CT scans), and lab tests to ensure readiness for surgery.

Anesthesia:General anesthesia is administered to ensure the patient is comfortable and pain-free.

Surgical Approach:

The surgeon makes an incision, typically at the front of the shoulder (deltopectoral approach).

Muscles, tendons, and soft tissues are carefully preserved.

Joint Exposure and Preparation

Diseased humeral head is removed.

Damaged cartilage from the glenoid is removed if a total replacement is planned.

Implant Placement

Metal stem inserted into the humeral shaft.

Prosthetic ball placed on top of the stem.

For total replacement, a polyethylene socket is attached to the glenoid.

For reverse replacement, the ball and socket are reversed to compensate for a deficient rotator cuff.

Alignment and Stability Check

Surgeon ensure proper placement, alignment, and stability of the implant.

Closure

Soft tissues and muscles are sutured back in place.

Sterile dressing applied to protect the incision.

Postoperative Care

Pain management, antibiotics, and monitoring.

Hospital stay typically 3–5 days.

Rehabilitation

Begin with gentle passive movements under supervision.

Gradually progress to active exercises for strength, flexibility, and functional motion.

Follow-Up

Regular check-ups, including remote consultations for international patients.

Full functional recovery usually occurs in 4–6 months depending on procedure type and patient health.

Comparing Total vs Reverse Shoulder Replacement

Both Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR) and Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR) are common procedures for shoulder arthritis and dysfunction, but they differ in mechanics, indications, and outcomes.

Surgeons at International Clinics evaluate imaging, tendon status, and lifestyle to recommend the most suitable procedure.

Feature	Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR)	Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR)
Surgical Mechanics	Replaces humeral head (ball) and glenoid (socket) matching natural anatomy. Relies on intact rotator cuff. Preserves natural biomechanics.	Reverses ball and socket (ball on shoulder blade, socket on humerus). Deltoid muscle compensates for damaged rotator cuff. Ideal for rotator cuff arthropathy or severe tears.
Indications
Rotator Cuff Status	Must be intact	Irreparable tears or arthropathy
Arthritis Type	Primary or post-traumatic	Rotator cuff arthropathy, cuff-deficient
Fracture Use	Rarely used for complex fractures	Often used in elderly with proximal humerus fractures
Benefits	Restores natural movement and strength. Reduces pain with functional rotator cuff. Allows near-normal arm mechanics.	Stabilizes shoulder despite absent or torn rotator cuff. Reduces pain significantly. Restores ability to elevate the arm.
Risks	Implant loosening or wear. Rotator cuff failure post-surgery. Standard surgical risks (infection, nerve injury).	Slightly higher risk of dislocation. Scapular notching. Standard surgical risks (infection, nerve injury).
Recovery Expectations	Sling use for 4–6 weeks. Gradual physical therapy (range of motion then strengthening). Near-normal function within 4–6 months.	Sling use for 4–6 weeks. Physical therapy emphasizes deltoid strengthening. Full functional recovery may take 4–6 months, but heavy lifting may be limited.
Implant Longevity	15–20+ years	10–15 years (may vary with activity level)

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Cost of Shoulder Replacement Surgery in Turkey

Understanding the financial aspect is crucial for international patients considering shoulder replacement surgery at International Clinics in Turkey. Costs vary by type of procedure, hospital, implant, and country.

Type of Shoulder Replacement Surgery	Estimated Cost Range (USD)
Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR)	$6,000 – $10,300
Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR)	$7,000 – $12,000
Partial Shoulder Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)	$4,000 – $7,800
Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement	$6,000 – $9,200
Total / Any Type	$4,000 – $12,000

Cost Notes:RTSR is generally the most expensive due to implant complexity and specialized surgical technique.

Hemiarthroplasty is typically the lowest cost as it is less complex.

Stemless, Short-Stem, and Custom/Modular Implants generally fall within TSR or RTSR ranges and may be higher due to advanced technology.

What’s Included in the Cost for International Patients

Surgery, including prosthetic implant
Surgeon and anesthetist fees
Hospitalization (typically 3–5 nights)
Pre-operative tests and post-operative medications
Logistical services (airport transfers, accommodation, interpreter services)

Disclaimer: Prices are estimates for 2025 and may vary depending on hospital, implant brand, surgeon experience, and individual patient factors. Always request a written, all-inclusive quotation.

Cost of shoulder replacement surgery across the globe

Procedure Type	Turkey (Medical Tourism)	India (Medical Tourism)	USA (Uninsured)	Western Europe (Private)	Spain (Medical Tourism)
TSR	$6,000 – $10,300	$5,100 – $16,000	$20,000 – $50,000+	$15,000 – $25,000	$26,000 – $28,000
RTSR	$7,000 – $12,000	$6,700 – $18,000	$25,000 – $60,000+	$18,000 – $30,000	$35,000
Hemiarthroplasty	$4,000 – $7,800	$4,000 – $14,000	$18,000 – $45,000+	$14,000 – $22,000	$22,000

Why Turkey have an advantage?

Turkey offers significant cost savings: Patients can save 50–70% compared to USA, UK, or Germany.

Quality of care: Many Turkish hospitals are JCI-accredited and surgeons are internationally trained.

All-inclusive packages: Bundled surgery, hospital stay, pre-op tests, and logistics provide price certainty.

Convenient travel: Turkey is easily accessible for patients from Europe and the Middle East with well-developed recovery infrastructure.

Beyond orthopedics, Turkey has also gained a strong reputation for performing complex surgeries, including spine surgery such as lumbar and cervical spine procedures. With the integration of minimally invasive spine surgery, risks are significantly reduced, further solidifying Turkeys position as a leader in advanced medical care.

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Medical Insurance and Surgery Codes for Shoulder Replacement Surgery

Insurance Coverage

Shoulder replacement surgery may be covered by private or public insurance, depending on the patient’s home country and policy.
Coverage often includes:
Surgeon and hospital fees
Implant costs (partially or fully)
Pre- and post-operative care
International patients typically pay out-of-pocket and may request reimbursement from their insurer. Always check with your insurance provider before surgery.

Common Surgery Codes

For billing and insurance purposes, shoulder replacement surgeries are assigned specific procedure codes:

Surgery Type	CPT / ICD-10-PCS Code (USA Reference)
Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR)	CPT 23472 / ICD-10-PCS 0RRJ0JZ
Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR)	CPT 23473 / ICD-10-PCS 0RRK0JZ
Partial Shoulder Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty)	CPT 23470 / ICD-10-PCS 0RRH0JZ
Resurfacing Shoulder Replacement	CPT 23469 / ICD-10-PCS 0RRH0ZZ

Notes:

CPT = Current Procedural Terminology (used in USA and recognized internationally for insurance and documentation)

ICD-10-PCS = International Classification of Diseases, Procedure Coding System

Codes help ensure proper insurance billing and facilitate international reimbursement requests

Tips for International Patients

Request a detailed invoice and medical report from your surgeon or clinic.
Confirm with your insurance provider if reimbursement is possible.
Keep copies of all surgical reports, implant details, and billing codes for claims.

types of shoulder joint replacement

Why Choose International Clinic for Your Shoulder Replacement?

For international patients, choosing a surgical destination is about balancing excellence, safety, and affordability.

International Clinics, located in Istanbul, Turkey, is a Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited facility, meeting the highest global standards for safe, successful, and affordable orthopedic care.

Expert Surgeons with Proven Results

Surgeon Profile: Your procedure will be led by a highly experienced specialist,afellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon with over 20 years of focus on shoulder arthroplasty.

Surgical Volume: Our surgeons have performed 1,000+ successful anatomic and reverse shoulder replacements.

Expertise: Skilled in complex cases, custom implants, and modern surgical techniques, ensuring optimal outcomes and restored shoulder function.

Facilities & Accreditation

Global Standard: JCI-accredited, the gold standard for healthcare quality and safety, ensuring our facilities meet international benchmarks.

Advanced Operating Rooms: Equipped with robotic-assisted tools for enhanced precision and alignment.

Dedicated Rehabilitation Centers: Structured programs for post-operative recovery and functional restoration.

Affordable, All-Inclusive Packages (2025 Pricing)

Transparent, all-inclusive packages eliminate financial uncertainty. Patients typically save 50–70% compared to costs in the US or Western Europe without compromising quality.

Procedure Type	All-Inclusive Package Starting Price (USD)
Total Shoulder Replacement (TSR)	$8,500
Reverse Total Shoulder Replacement (RTSR)	$9,500

Package Includes:

Surgery and premium implant
Surgeon and anesthesia fees
3–5 nights hospital stay
Pre-operative diagnostics
Initial post-operative medications
International Patient Support
End-to-End Logistics: Assistance with translation, VIP airport transfers, and comfortable local accommodation.
Personalized Guidance: Support throughout pre-op and post-op care.
Post-Op Peace of Mind: Includes 12 months of complimentary remote video follow-up consultations after you return home.

How to Choose the Right Surgeon and Hospital

Selecting the right surgeon and hospital is critical for safety, successful outcomes, and peace of mind, particularly for international patients.

Verify Surgeon Credentials and Experience: Look for fellowship-trained orthopedic specialists with high surgical volume in anatomic and reverse shoulder replacements.
Check Hospital Accreditation and Quality Standards: Ensure JCI or equivalent certification, advanced operating rooms, and robust rehabilitation facilities.
Evaluate International Patient Support: Translation, VIP transfers, accommodation, and post-op remote follow-up.
Review Patient Outcomes: Check success stories, functional recovery, and complication rates.
Confirm Personalized Care: Surgeons should offer customized surgical and rehabilitation plans tailored to your anatomy, condition, and lifestyle.
International Clinics meets all these standards, ensuring safe, successful, and supported care for global patients.

Innovations and Future of Shoulder Replacement

International Clinics is at the forefront of orthopedic innovation, offering:

Robotic-assisted surgery for enhanced precision and alignment
3D-printed custom implants for severe bone loss or unique anatomy
Minimally invasive approaches to reduce tissue trauma and accelerate recovery

By the end contact for free consultation

Shoulder replacement surgery at International Clinic is a highly effective solution for pain relief and mobility restoration.

Benefit from expert surgeons, modern technology, and comprehensive international support.

Transparent, all-inclusive packages offer affordable care without compromising quality.

Contact International Clinics today to receive a personalized treatment plan and start your journey toward a pain-free, fully functional shoulder.